高考英语：冠词必考知识点及经典解析！

来源:网络整理发布时间:2019-05-08

冠词的概念：冠词是置于名词前并限定名词意义的虚词。英语中的冠词只有定冠词和不定冠词两种，其中定冠词只有the这一种形式，不定冠词只有a和an这两种形式。名词前若不用冠词时，又称作零冠词。不定冠词之所以冠以“不定”两字，就是因为它的主要特点就是“不确定”或“泛指”；定冠词之所以冠以“定”字，就是因为它的主要特点是“确指”或“特指”。

1.不定冠词的用法
不定冠词有两个，a 和 an。a用在辅音开头（不是辅音字母，是音标）的单词前面；an用于以元音开头（不是元音字母，是音标）的单词前。如：a book, an apple；

a university，an hour.

1）不定冠词用在单数可数名词前表示“一个”。

There is an apple on the table.

桌上有个苹果。

2) 不定冠词用在单数可数名词之前，表示“任何，每个”。如：
A student must study hard.
学生必须努力学习。

3）不定冠词用于某些固定短语中。如：

have a try试一下
take a break 休息一下

have a good time 玩得痛快

make a living 谋生

as a matter of fact 事实上

in a word 总而言之

2. 定冠词的用法
1）定冠词和名词连用，表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。如：
Mother carved the meat into slices.
妈妈把肉切成了片。

2）定冠词用于形容词

前，表示一类人或东西。如：

The rich become richer.富人更富了

3）定冠词用于第二次出现的名词之前。如：
I got an apple yesterday. The apple was very sweet.
昨天我得了一苹果，那个苹果很甜。

4）定冠词用于指说话双方都知道的人或事。如：
Please close the door.请把门关上。

5）定冠词用于（名山大川、江河湖海、沙漠、国家、公共建筑）世界上独一无二的事物前。如：

the sun 太阳

the earth 地球

the world世界

the Changjiang River长江

6）定冠词用于序数词前表示顺序。如：
the second group 第二组

7）定冠词用于形容词和副词的最高级前面。如：
This is the most intersting story I have ever heard. 这是听过的最好听的故事。

8）定冠词在play后和乐器连用
play the piano弹钢琴

9）定冠词与姓氏的复数形式连用，表示一家人。如：
The Blacks are very kind.
布莱克一家非常的友善

3.不用冠词的情况
1）表示球类、棋类的运动项目不加冠词。如：
play football 踢足球 play chess下象棋

2）在一日三餐名词前不用冠词。如：
have breakfast/lunch/supper 吃早饭/午饭/晚饭

3）交通工具名词前不用冠词
by car坐汽车 by ship 坐船
by plane坐飞机 on foot 步行

5）在一些地点的名词，如：bed, church, school, hospital,home, work等。当人们去这些地方做在这些地方应该做的事时，不加冠词。
go home回家 go to school去上学 go to church去教堂祈祷
in hospital住院 go to work上班

注：如果在上述词组前面加上定冠词the,可以表示去这些场所做其他的事情。如：
He came to the school to speak to the headmaster.他来学校和校长谈话。
He went to the church to see the carvings.他去教堂看雕刻。
His mother is in hospital and he has been in the hospital to take care of her.
他妈妈生病住院了，他就一直在医院里面照顾她。

4.泛指概念的四种表达方式
1）不带the 的不可数名词和复数名词可以表示泛指
I like music.我喜欢音乐。
the apples are red.
3） “the+单数可数名词”可以表示泛指
The fox is very cunning 狐狸是很狡猾的。

4） “不定冠词a/an+单数可数名词” 可以表示泛指。
A dog makes good friend.狗是很好的朋友。

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Instead,she is earning ￡6,500 aday as __ model in New York.

2.(2017·浙江高考)For Pahlsson, its return was __wonder.

3.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Giveyour body and brain a rest by stepping outside for __ while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy.

4.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Thenursery team switches him every few days with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, __other is with mum — she never suspects.

5.(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)The adobe dwellings (土坯房)built by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even__most modern of architects and engineers.

6.(2015·广东高考)He owned___farm, which looked almost abandoned.

7.(2014·广东高考)She apologized for the mistake and gave us a spare VIP room on___ top floor.

8.(2014·全国卷Ⅰ)Now,years later, this river is one of____ most outstanding examples of environmental clean up.

Ⅱ.单句改错

1.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)I still remember how hard first day was.

2.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)They live far from the school, and it takes them about a hour and a half to go to work every day.

3.(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)At the first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by myself.

4.(2016·四川高考)I asked Mom to stay in the sitting room and I cooked in kitchen.

5．(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)He liked it so much that he quickly walked into the shop ...he turned around and found his parents were missing. Tony was scared and began to cry. A woman saw him crying and told him to wait outside a shop.

6.(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)Now I am living in a city, but I miss my home in countryside. There the air is clean and the mountains are green.

7.(2015·浙江高考)On the right side of the class was the road. I was always interested to see the drivers in hurry in the morning.

8.(2014·全国卷Ⅱ)There are all kinds of the flowers and trees around the classroom buildings.

9.(2014·全国卷Ⅰ)As result, the plants are growing everywhere.

10.(2014·辽宁高考)Besides,Cleo tends to bark a average of six hours a day.

真题答案解析

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1.解析：a　此处意为“作为纽约的一名模特”，在单数可数名词model前应该使用不定冠词a，表示“一，一名”。

2.解析：awonder表示“奇迹，奇事”时为可数名词，此处为泛指，故要用不定冠词a。

3.解析：afor a while为固定搭配，意为“一会儿”。

4.解析：the　此处表示双胞胎大熊猫中的另一只，两者之间的“另一个”应该使用the other。

5.解析：the　在形容词最高级的前面用定冠词the。

6.解析：a　此处指一个农场，表示泛指，故用不定冠词a。

7.解析：theon the top floor为固定搭配，意为“在顶层”。

8.解析：the　此空后面的“most outstanding”是最高级的形式，故应填定冠词the。

Ⅱ.单句改错

1.解析：first前加the/my　表示“第几天”，序数词前要加定冠词the或者用限定词进行修饰。

2.解析：第一个a→an/one　hour的读音以元音音素开头，且是可数名词，所以表示一个小时用an/one hour。

3.解析：去掉the　at first “起初”，为固定短语。

4.解析：kitchen前加the　此处特指我们家的厨房。

5.解析：outside后的a→the　此处用定冠词特指上文提到的商店。

6. 解析：countryside前加the　in the countryside“在乡村”，为固定短语。

7.解析：hurry前加a　in a hurry“匆匆忙忙”，为固定短语。

8.解析：去掉第一个the　此处为泛指，不表示特指，故去掉the。

9.解析：As后加a　as a result“结果”，为固定搭配。

10.解析：第一个a→an　an average of ...“平均有……”，为固定搭配。

附录

① 定冠词的常用搭配

on the way 即将到达

by the way 顺便说一下

in the end 终于，最后

on the whole 总的来说

in the distance 在远处

not in the least=not at all 一点也不，毫不

on the left 在左边

in the way 挡路

in the future 在将来

all the year round 全年

on the side of 在……的一边

in the morning在早上

out of the question 不可能

in the air 在传播中

be on the air 正在广播

in the dark 在暗处

in the sun 在阳光下

on the spot 马上

at the same time 同时

at the moment 此刻

on the decrease下降

to the point 切题

to tell the truth 说实话

make the most（best） of 充分利用

in the daytime 在白天

in the habit of 有……的习惯，常常

on the one hand…on the other hand 一方面……另一方面

go to the cinema 去电影院

the other day 前几天

for the time being 暂且

on the left 在左边

on the contrary 相反

in the middle of 在……中间

at the age of 在……岁时

at the very start 一开始

from the behind 从后面

to the right 朝右边

to the amount of 总计达

in the east of 在一定范围以内的东部

to the east of 在一定范围以外的东部,但是不相邻

on the east of 在一定范围以外的东部且紧紧相邻

to the full 完全的，充分的

② 不定冠词的常用搭配

a.介词或副词短语类

at a time 每次

for a time （短的）一段时间

for a while 一会儿

in a moment 一会儿

in a way 在某种程度上

at a distance 从远处

in a loud voice 大声地

all of a sudden 突然

in a word 总之

as a rule 通常

as a result 结果

as a whole 作为一个整体

once in a while 偶尔

at a loss 不知所措

with a view to 为了

with a will 坚决地

in a hurry 匆忙地

as a matter of fact 事实上

a moment ago 刚才

twice a week 每周两次

b.动词短语类

come to an end 结束

catch a cold 得了感冒

take an interest in 对……感兴趣

take a seat 坐下

take a walk 散步

take a bow 谢幕

make a fire 生火

make a fool of 愚弄

make a study of 研究

make a fortune 发财

make a living 谋生

make a decision 做决定

make an effort 做出努力

make a choice 做选择

have a cold 得了感冒

have a word with 与……谈话

③ 零冠词

a.对称名词搭配类

arm in arm 臂挽臂地

day by day 一天一天地

day after day 日复一日地

from door to door 挨家挨户地

from time to time 不时地

heart and soul 全心全意地

hand in hand 手拉手
face to face 面对面

one by one 一个接一个地

side by side 肩并肩地

step by step 逐步地

year after year 年复一年地

little by little 逐渐地

shoulder to shoulder 肩并肩地

b.介词短语搭配类

by way of 经由

at first 起初

in common 相同的

at desk 在办公

in detail 详细地

at table 吃饭

at last 终于

at night 在夜晚

at sea 在海上

in debt 负债

in trouble 陷入困境

in place of 代替

at dawn 在黎明

at hand 临近

on purpose 故意地

by accident 偶然地

by day/ night 在白天/夜晚

by ari/ water/ land 乘飞机/ 乘船/ 走路

by chance 碰巧

in class 在课堂上

in person 亲自

in return 作为回报

in sight of 亲自

on fire 在燃烧

on trial 受审判

out of place 不适当的

out of date 过时的

out of question 毫无疑问

on account of 因为

c.动词短语搭配类

keep in mind 记在心上

leave word 留言

learn by heart 记住

go to work 去上班

make friends with 与...交友

catch fire 着火

catch sight of 看到
take place 发生

高考英语：冠词必考知识点及经典解析！

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